References for the Health Impacts of the Coal Life Cycle Fact Sheet

  1. International Energy Agency (2017). Coal. https://www.iea.org/topics/coal/ Paragraph 1. Accessed 10 Oct 2017.
  2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2005). Chapter 2: Sources of CO2. IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccs/. Page 81, Table 2.3.
  3. Landrigan PL, et. al. (2017). The Lancet Commission on pollution and health. The Lancet Commissions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32345-0. Page 1.
  4. Smith KR, et. al. (2013). Energy and Human Health. Annu. Rev. Public Health 34:159-88. http://ehsdiv.sph.berkeley.edu/krsmith/publications/2013/2013_ARPH_energy.pdf. Page 165.
  5. Burt E, Orris P, Buchanan S (2013). Scientific Evidence of Health Effects from Coal Use in Energy Generation. Health Care Without Harm and University of Illinois at Chicago. http://noharm.org/lib/downloads/climate/Coal_Literature_Review_2.pdf. Page 10.
  6. Smith KR, et. al. (2012). Chapter 4: Energy and Health. In Global Energy Assessment – Toward a Sustainable Future. http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web/home/research/Flagship-Projects/Global-Energy-Assessment/GEA_Chapter4_health_lowres.pdf. Page 272.
  7. Epstein PR et. al. (2011). Full Cost Accounting for the Life Cycle of Coal. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1219:73–98. https://chge.hsph.harvard.edu/resource/full-cost-accounting-life-cycle-coal. Page 77.
  8. Smith KR, et. al. (2012). Op. cit. Page 272.
  9. Lockwood AH, et. al. (2009). Coal’s Assault on Human Health. Physicians for Social Responsibility. http://www.psr.org/resources/coals-assault-on-human-health.html. Page 35.
  10. Smith KR, et. al. (2013). Op. cit. Page 165.
  11. Burt E, Orris P, Buchanan S (2013). Op. cit. Page 10.
  12. Epstein PR et. al. (2011). Op. cit. Pages 78, 79, 90.
  13. Hendryx M, Ahern MM (2008). Relations between health indicators and residential proximity to coal mining in West Virginia. Am. J. Public Health 98:669-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.113472
  14. Hendryx M and Entwhistle J (2015). Association between residence near surface coal mining and blood inflammation. Extractive Industries and Society 2: 246-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2015.01.006
  15. Epstein PR, et. al. (2011). Op. cit.
  16. Lockwood AH, et. al. (2009). Op. cit.
  17. Epstein PR, et. al. (2011). Op. cit.
  18. Epstein PR, et. al. (2011). Op. cit.
  19. Smith KR, et. al. (2013). Op. cit.
  20. Lockwood AH, et. al. (2009). Op. cit.
  21. Lockwood AH, et. al. (2009). Op. cit.
  22. Smith KR, et. al. (2012). Op. cit.
  23. Epstein PR, et. al. (2011). Op. cit.
  24. Jha A and Muller NZ (2017). Handle with Care: The Local Air Pollution Costs of Coal Storage (NBER Working Paper No. 23417). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23417
  25. Public Health Advisory Panel on Coal in Oakland (2016). An Assessment of the Health and Safety Implications of Coal Transport through Oakland. Page v. http://www.humanimpact.org/wp-content/uploads/Assessment_Health_Safety_Coal_Oakland.pdf
  26. Center for Health and the Global Environment (2011). Mining Coal, Mounting Costs: The Life Cycle Consequences of Coal. https://chge.hsph.harvard.edu/resource/mining-coal-mounting-costs-life-cycle-consequences-coal
  27. Public Health Advisory Panel on Coal in Oakland (2016). Op. cit.
  28. Jensen G, Huscher J, Smith D (2013). The Unpaid Health Bill: How Coal Power Plants Make Us Sick. Health and Environment Alliance. http://www.env-health.org/IMG/pdf/heal_report_the_unpaid_health_bill_how_coal_power_plants_make_us_sick_final.pdf
  29. Jensen G, Huscher J, Smith D (2013). Op. cit.
  30. International Energy Agency (2016). Energy and Air Pollution. World Energy Outlook Special Report. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WorldEnergyOutlookSpecialReport2016EnergyandAirPollution.pdf
  31. Union of Concerned Scientists (year unknown). How it Works: Water for Coal. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/energy-and-water-use/water-energy-electricity-coal.html
  32. Epstein PR, et. al. (2011). Op. cit.
  33. International Energy Agency (2017). CO2 emissions from fuel combustion: Highlights. http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/CO2EmissionsfromFuelCombustionHighlights2017.pdf Pages 11 and 13.
  34. Smith KR, et. al. (2013). Op. cit.
  35. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2013). IARC: Outdoor air pollution a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. World Health Organization. Page 1. https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/pdf/pr221_E.pdf
  36. World Health Organization (2013). Health Effects of Particulate Matter. Page 6. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/189051/Health-effects-of-particulate-matter-final-Eng.pdf
  37. International Energy Agency (2016). Op. cit.
  38. Burt E, Orris P, Buchanan S (2013). Op. cit.
  39. Anderson K, et. al. (2013). A Costly Diagnosis: Subsidizing coal power with Albertans’ health. The Pembina Foundation, The Asthma Society of Canada, The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment, The Lung Association, Alberta & Northwest Territories and The Pembina Institute. http://asthma.ca/pdf/costly-diagnosis.pdf
  40. Anderson K, et. al. (2013). Ibid.
  41. Costello A, et. al. (2009). “Managing the health effects of climate change.” Lancet 373(9676):1693-1733. Page 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60935-1
  42. Watts N, et. al. (2015). “Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health.” The Lancet Commissions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6
  43. Gottlieb B, Gilbert SG, Evans LG (2010). Coal Ash: The Toxic Threat to our Health and Environment. Physicians for Social Responsibility and Earthjustice. http://www.psr.org/assets/pdfs/coal-ash.pdf
  44. Gottlieb B, Gilbert SG, Evans LG (2010). Ibid.
  45. Gottlieb B, Gilbert SG, Evans LG (2010). Ibid.
  46. Gottlieb B, Gilbert SG, Evans LG (2010). Ibid.
  47. org. Coal Factsheet #4: “Clean Coal” is a Dirty Lie. http://endcoal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/EndCoalCleanCoalFactsheet2015.WEB-1.pdf
  48. org (2015). Coal Factsheet #4: “Clean Coal” is a Dirty Lie. http://endcoal.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/EndCoalCleanCoalFactsheet2015.WEB-1.pdf
  49. org (2015). Ibid.
  50. Jensen G, Huscher J, Smith D (2013). Op. cit.